Co-Chairs	China China National Committee Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific 3 Toutiao, Taijichang Beijing People's Republic of China Tel: +8610 8511 9585 Fax: +8610 6559 8133 E-mail: ccis@mx.cei.gov.cn Malaysia Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) No. 1 Pesiaran Sultan Salahudin PO Box 12424 50778 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel: +603 2693 9366 Fax: +603 2693 7266 E-mail: New Zealand Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand School of Government Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington Tel: +644 463 5434 Fax: +644 463 5437 Email: css@vuw.ac.nz
Background
The Working Group on Concepts of Comprehensive and Cooperative Security was set up following the suggestion of the then Malaysian Foreign Minister, Datuk Abdullah Ahmad Badawi at the Seventh Roundtable in Kuala Lumpur in June 1993, that a study group be formed to examine the concept of comprehensive security and how it might be adopted as the basis of security policy-making by all countries in the Asia-Pacific region. This group has now had eight meetings, and produced five edited volumes and a CSCAP Memorandum on The Concepts of Comprehensive Security and Cooperative Security. The work of this group is different from that of the other groups in being more conceptual and theoretical. It is also perhaps more difficult, due to both the gulf between the conceptual literature and 'the real world of policy-making', and to the elusiveness of the subject itself. As one of the co-chairs of the Working Group noted at the third meeting of the Steering Committee in Kuala Lumpur in June 1995: 'The subject is still a concept in search of a settled identity'. As befits the breadth of comprehensive approaches to security, as well as reflecting the elusiveness of the subject, the work of the WG/CCCS has been wide-ranging - perhaps at the expense of analytical depth and policy utility. The first two meetings of the group explored the concept of comprehensive security and prepared the memorandum on The Concepts of Comprehensive Security and Cooperative Security for approval by the CSCAP Steering Committee in December 1995 and submission to the ARF SOM-3 in April 1996. The third meeting, in Wellington in December 1996, discussed the theme of inter-dependence and security, and particularly the linkages between economic development, high levels of economic inter-dependence, and peace and security. The fourth meeting, in Kuala Lumpur in September 1997, focused on the challenges to regional security posed by environmental degradation, food shortages and energy requirements; it also examined the political, legal and military dimensions of disputes concerning marine resources in East Asia. The fifth and sixth meetings involved an in-depth examination of the Asian economic crisis of 1997-98 and its implications for the structure of regional security. (The papers prepared for these two meetings were published in a single volume in 1999). The seventh meeting, in Seoul in December 1999, discussed the principle of non-intervention in the affairs of other sovereign states, some recent challenges to the principle, and its applicability in the Asia-Pacific context.
Meetings

Date		Place	Subject/Comments
1.	21-22 March 1995	Wellington	'The meeting was dedicated to "ground-clearing"'. Papers published in Jim Rolfe (ed.), Unresolved Futures: Comprehensive Security in the Asia-Pacific Region (1995).
2.	28-29 August 1995	Kuala Lumpur	Papers published in Mohamed Jawhar Hussan and Thangam Ramnath (eds), Conceptualising Asia-Pacific Security (1996). Produced draft of CSCAP Memorandum No.3.
3.	December 1996	Wellington	Inter-independence and security. Papers published in David Dickens (ed.), No Better Alternative: Towards Comprehensive and Cooperative Security in the Asia-Pacific (1997).
4.	15-16 September 1997	Kuala Lumpur	Environmental security, food security, and energy.
5.	14-15 July 1998	Wellington	Economic security. Papers published together with those of the 6th meeting.
6.	24-26 May 1999	Beijing	The Asian economic crisis and implications for regional security cooperation. Papers published in Guy Wilson-Roberts (ed.), An Asia-Pacific Security Crisis?: New Challenges to Regional Stability (1999).
7.	1-2 December 1999	Seoul	The principle of non-intervention, and its applicability in the Asia-Pacific region. Papers published in David Dickens and Guy Wilson- Roberts (eds), Non-Intervention and State Sovereignty in the Asia-Pacific (2000).
8.	19-21 October 2000	Kuala Lumpur	Implications of globalisation for security cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.
9.	31 March - 2 April 2001	Wellington	Human Security
10.	29-30 October 2001	Shanghai	Economic security in light of the structural changes brought about by globalisation; Challenges brought by globalisation on financial security and countermeasures; Relationship between utilisation of foreign capital and economic security; Information security and globalisation; Relationship between the restructure brought by globalisation and the political security.
11.	4-5 February 2002	Kuala Lumpur	Terrorism
12.	8-10 April 2003	Wellington	Terrorism. Factors contributing to terrorism and policy responses to counter terrorism.

Publications

Jim Rolfe (ed.), Unresolved Futures: Comprehensive Security in the Asia-Pacific (Centre for Strategic Studies, Victoria University, Wellington, 1995).

Mohamed Jawhar Hassan and Thangsam Ramnath (eds), Conceptualising Asia-Pacific Security (ISIS Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1996).

David Dickens (ed.), No Better Alternative: Towards Comprehensive and Cooperative Security in the Asia-Pacific (Centre for Strategic Studies, Victoria University, Wellington, 1997).

Guy Wilson-Roberts (ed.), An Asia-Pacific Security Crisis?: New Challenges to Regional Stability (Centre for Strategic Studies, Victoria University, Wellington, 1999).

David Dickens and Guy Wilson-Roberts (eds), Non-Intervention and State Sovereignty in the Asia-Pacific (Centre for Strategic Studies, Victoria University, Wellington, 2000).